Comparison of
| 4SPR | 3SPR | 2SPR | Number of flow channels | 4 | 3 | 2 | Fully automated / semi automated configuration | ✔/– | ✔/– | ✔/✔ | Information provided | Kinetic and affinity data (KD, ka, and kd) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Specificity | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Selectivity | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Concentration | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Thermodynamic data (ΔH) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Refractive index | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Data presentation | Real-time monitoring of sensorgrams | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Online reference subtraction | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Result tables | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Result plots | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Instrument operations | Buffer degassing (* requires degassing unit) | ✔ | ✔ | ✔* | Buffer selection valve | ✔ | ✔ | − | Temperature range of flow cell (°C) | 10 – 70 | 10 – 70 | 10 – 70 | Injection volume (µl) fully automated systems | 1 – 4000 | 1 – 4000 | 1 – 4000 | Required sample volume | injection volume +15-30 µL | injection volume +15-30 µL | injection volume +15-30 µL | Injection volume (µl) semi automated systems (requires Semiautomatic Valve) | − | − | 1 – unlimited | Sample storage temperature (only with autosampler) | 4°C or ambient | 4°C or ambient | 4°C or ambient | Unattended operation (only with autosampler) | > 48h | > 48h | > 48h | Detection limit (MW) | No lower limit for organic molecules | No lower limit for organic molecules | < 100 Da | Sample types | Biological sample types | LMW drug candidates (incl. DMSO-containing buffers) | +++ | +++ | +++ | Proteins, peptides (also DNA, RNA polysaccharides, lipids), in various sample environments (e. g. plasma and serum) | +++ | +++ | +++ | Cells and viruses in various sample environments (e. g. plasma and serum) | ++ | ++ | +++ | Non-biological samples | Pure solvents (DMF, EtOH, DMSO etc.) | − | − | +++ | Concentrated acids, or bases | − | − | +++ | Viscous solutions and suspensions e.g. of polymers, nano particles, colloids | + | + | +++ | Compatible Flow cells | 4-channel flow cell (60 nL flow channel volume) | ✔ | ✔ | 2 channel µ-flow cell (80 nL flow channel volume) | − | − | ✔* | 2 channel standard flow cell (140 nL flow channel volume) | − | − | ✔ | 2-channel static cuvette | ✔** | ✔** | ✔ | 2-channel microscope flow cell | ✔** | ✔** | ✔ | 2 channel quartz window flow cell | ✔** | ✔** | ✔ | 2 channel electrochemisty flow cell | ✔** | ✔** | ✔ | Compatible system components | Diverter valve (required for 2 channel µ-flow cell) | integrated | integrated | ✔ | Semi automatic injection valve | − | − | ✔ | Degassing unit | integrated | integrated | ✔ | Software controlled pump | integrated | integrated | ✔ | 21 CFR Part 11 compliance | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Remote maintenance / instrument diagnostics | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | Preventive maintenance by user | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
|---|
**in 2-channel detection mode
4SPR
3SPR
2SPR